Dell Comics was the comic book publishing arm of Dell Publishing, which got its start in pulp magazines. It published comics from 1929 to 1973. At its peak, it was the most prominent and successful American company in the medium. In 1953 Dell claimed to be the world's largest comics publisher, selling 26 million copies each month.
History
Origins
Its first title was The Funnies, which was the first comic book to feature original material, but since it was published in the tabloid format as opposed to the standard one, it is normally not recognized as such.
Western Publishing
The company formed a partnership in 1938 with Western Publishing, in which Dell would finance and distribute publications that Western would produce. While this diverged from the regular practice in the medium of one company handling finance and production and outsourcing distribution, it was a highly successful enterprise with titles selling in the millions. Most of the Dell-produced comics done for Western Publishing during this period were under the Whitman Comics banner (later also used by Gold Key Comics); notable titles included Crackajack Funnies (1938â€"1942) and Super Comics (1938â€"1949).
Comic book historian Mark Carlson has stated at its peak in the mid-50s "while Dell’s total number of comic book titles [was] only 15% of those published, it control[ed] nearly a third of the total market. Dell [had] more million-plus sellers than any other company before or since".
Licensed material
Dell Comics was best known for its licensed material, most notably the animated characters from Walt Disney Productions, Warner Bros., Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, and Walter Lantz Studio, along with many movie and television properties such as the Lone Ranger, Tarzan, Felix the Cat, Howdy Doody, Yogi Bear and other Hanna-Barbera characters.
Four Color
From 1939 to 1962, Dell's most notable and prolific title was the anthology Four Color. Published several times a month, the title (which primarily consisted of standalone issues featuring various licensed properties) saw more than 1,300 issues published in its 23-year history. It often served as a try-out title (much like DC's Showcase) and thus the launching pad for many long-running series.
Lil' Eightball
Responding to pressure from the African-American community, the character Lil' Eightball (who appeared in a handful of Walter Lantz cartoons in the late 1930s and in those initial appearances constituted what animation and comics historian Michael Barrier described as being a "grotesquely stereotypical black boy") was discontinued as one of the featured characters in the Lantz anthology comic book New Funnies; the last appearance of the character was in the August 1947 issue.
Fredric Wertham
In 1948, Dell refused an invitation of membership in the nascent Association of Comics Magazine Publishers. The association had been formed to pre-empt government intervention in the face of mounting public criticism of comic books. Dell vice-president Helen Meyer told Congress that Dell had opted out of the association because they didn't want their less controversial offerings to serve as "an umbrella for the crime comic publishers". When the Comics Code was formed in 1954 in reaction to Wertham's Seduction of the Innocent, Dell again refused to join and instead began publishing in its comics a "Pledge to Parents" that promised their editorial process "eliminates, rather than regulates, objectional [sic] material" and concluded with the now classic credo "Dell Comics Are Good Comics."
Bart Beaty in his book Fredric Wertham and the Critique of Mass Culture describes a concerted campaign by Dell against publication of Wertham's Seduction of the Innocent to the extent of recruiting several of the companies that it licensed characters from (including Warner Brother Cartoons, the Lone Ranger Inc. and Edgar Rice Burroughs Inc.) to send letters of protest to Wertham's publisher Stanley Rinehart.
Dell in this period even burnished its image by taking out full-page ads in the Saturday Evening Post in late 1952 and early 1953 that emphasized the wholesomeness of its comics.
Dell Comics Club and subscription promotions
From mid-1950 to Spring 1959 Dell promoted subscriptions to its non-Disney titles with what it called the Dell Comics Club. Membership was automatic with any one year subscription to such titles and came with a certificate of membership plus a group portrait of the most prominent non-Disney characters published by Dell. Dell also offered various subscription premiums during the 1940s and 1950s (in some cases these were prints of covers or other character artwork and in one instance a cel from a Warner Brothers cartoon) in what Mark Evanier has dubbed a coordinated concerted "aggressive subscription push" and offered the option of an illustrated note or card be sent to the recipients of a gift subscription for birthdays or Christmas.
Multi-year subscriptions were also available (in the case of Walt Disney's Comics and Stories, at one point in the 1940s subscriptions for up to five years were offered).
Alternate format
In 1961, Dell issued two atypical, comic-book like paperbacks without coloring, with cardboard covers and heavier-weight paper than standard comics, and selling for one dollar when most comic books were 12 cents: the 116-page The Flintstones on the Rocks and the 117-page Huck & Yogi Jamboree One historian describes the latter as "a collection of drawings with text (there’s not a word balloon to be found). But there are drawings that are sequential which tell stories.... [T]his was intended for Huck and Yogi’s adult fans. Of which there apparently were more than a few, given the format and high price â€" $1!"
Western partnership ends, Dell declines
The end of Four Color in 1962 coincided with the end of the partnership with Western, which took most of its licensed properties and its original material and created its own imprint, Gold Key Comics.
While most of the talent who had worked on the Dell line continued at Gold Key, a few creators like John Stanley stuck with Dell and its new line. Dell also drew new talent to its fold, such as Frank Springer, Don Arneson, and Lionel Ziprin.
Dell Comics continued for another 11 years with licensed television and motion picture adaptations (including Mission: Impossible, Ben Casey, Burke's Law, Doctor Kildare, Beach Blanket Bingo) and a few generally poorly received original titles. Among the few long lasting series from this time include the teen-comic Thirteen Going on Eighteen (29 issues, written by John Stanley), Ghost Stories (37 issues, #1 only written by John Stanley), Combat (40 issues), Ponytail (20 issues), Kona Monarch of Monster Isle (20 issues), Toka the Jungle King (10 issues), and Naza Stone Age Warrior (9 issues). Dell additionally attempted to do superhero titles, including Nukla, Superheroes (starring the Fab 4, as the group's name was spelled on covers), Brain Boy, and a critically ridiculed trio of titles based on the Universal Pictures monsters Frankenstein, Dracula and Werewolf that recast the characters as superheroes.
Dell Comics ceased publication in 1973, with a few of its former titles moving to Gold Key Comics.
Creators associated with Dell Comics
Writer/artists Walt Kelly and Carl Barks are the most noted talents associated with the company. Other prolific scripters were Gaylord DuBois, Paul S. Newman, Don "Arr" Christensen, John Stanley, Bob Gregory, Robert Schaefer and Eric Freiwald, Lloyd Turner, Leo Dorfman, Don Segall , Edward Kean, Cecil Beard and Carl Fallberg. Artists who worked on comics published by Dell included Fred Harman, Alex Toth, John Carey, Russ Manning, Jesse Marsh, Alberto Giolitti, Paul Murry, Tony Strobl, Harvey Eisenberg, Tom Gill, Dan Gormley, Ken Hultgren, Larry Mayer, Dick Moores, Jack Bradbury, Gil Turner, Nat Edson, Fred Fredericks, Mel Keefer, Roger Armstrong, Jack Manning, Kay Wright, Mike Roy, Bill Wright, Phil DeLara, Pete Alvarado, Dan Spiegle, Jack Sparling, Lynn Karp, Ellis Eringer, Paul Norris, Frank Bolle, Artie Saaf, Dan Noonan, John Ushler, Sam Glanzman, Bill Ziegler and John Buscema. Famed fantasy writer Charles Beaumont contributed a handful of stories for Dell's funny animal comics early in his career, all done in collaboration with William F. Nolan
Examples of titles
- Animal Comics (1942â€"Dec. 1947/Jan. 1948)
- Beach Blanket Bingo (1965)
- Ben Casey (1962â€"1964)
- Brain Boy (1962â€"1963)
- Brave Eagle (see TV Series Brave Eagle)
- Burke's Law
- Campus Clowns
- Combat (40 issues)
- Deadwood Gulch
- Dr. Kildare (1962â€"1965)
- Dracula (1966â€"1967)
- Superheroes (1967, starred the "Fab 4")
- Four Color (1939â€"1962)
- Frankenstein (1966â€"1967)
- The Funnies (36 issues, 1929â€"1930)
- Get Smart
- Ghost Stories (37 issues, #1 only written by John Stanley)
- Idaho (8 issues, 1963-1965)
- Jungle War Stories (11 issues 1962-1966) retitled Guerilla War in 1965 (issues 12â€"14 March 1966)
- Kona, Monarch of Monster Isle (20 issues, 1962â€"1964)
- Mission: Impossible (5 issues)
- Naza Stone Age Warrior (9 issues)
- New Funnies
- Neutro (1 issue)
- Nukla (4 issues, 1965â€"1966)
- Popular Comics
- Possum Holler
- Thirteen Going on Eighteen (29 issues, written by John Stanley)
- Ponytail (20 issues)
- Rock-Age Roy
- Sancho and the Don
- Sea Hunt (see TV Series Sea Hunt)
- Tales of the Green Beret (5 issues 1967-1969)
- Toka the Jungle King (10 issues)
- Werewolf (1966â€"1967)
- Yak Yak (An early 1960s Mad Magazine knock-off principally drawn by artist Jack Davis)
References
External links
- Dell Comics at the INDUCKS
- Dell Comics section at International Catalogue of Superheroes
- Toonopedia entry for Dell Comics
- Interview with Mel Keefer
- Scott Shaw on Tales From The Tomb #1 and Ghost Stories #1
- obituary for Robert Schaefer
- obituary for Roger Armstrong
- scans of script by Chase Craig for Porky Pig story in Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies #88 (February 1949)
- Michael Barrier on the Dell Comics Club
- The Last Li'l Eight Ball story from New Funnies #128 (August 1947)
- Chronological listings of all Four-Colors
