Wisconsin Circuit Court Access is a website that provides access to some circuit courts records of Wisconsin. The website displays the case information entered into the Consolidated Court Automation Programs (CCAP) case management system by court staff in the counties where the case files are located. The court record summaries provided by the system are all public records under Wisconsin open records law sections 19.31-19.39 of the Wisconsin Statutes.
WCCA was created in response to an increasing number of requests for court records from district attorneys, sheriffs’ departments, and other court business partners. Title companies, abstractors, members of the media and the general public have also benefited from WCCA.
Since WCCA was implemented on January 1, 1992 in Vilas County, Wisconsin it has steadily expanded to all Wisconsin counties. The last county that joined the online system was Portage County in 2008. The website averages about a million data requests a day. It also has generated privacy concerns.
Oversight
Appointed by the director of state courts, the WCCA Oversight Committee serves as an advisory board on policy issues related to the WCCA Web site.
The original WCCA Oversight Committee was convened in 2000. This committee was instrumental in the development of a comprehensive policy that addresses electronic access to circuit court records. The committee is being reconvened to review and possibly modify this policy based on feedback received in the intervening years about the information available on the WCCA Web site.
In 2006, changes were made to the system that included a glossary of legal terms, a caution to employers regarding job discrimination, a decrease in the amount of time certain records remain public and an executive summary page.
Controversy
Personal information appearing in court records is protected by Wisconsin statutes only in limited circumstances. Wisconsin case law has said that even if the information may be harmful to an individual's reputation or privacy, that is not sufficient to allow a judge to seal a court record. Those who feel their safety is at risk may petition the court to remove their addresses from the online record of a non-criminal case.
Wisconsin law allows a judge to "expunge" a case in only two situations, both involving youthful offenders:
- Misdemeanors committed by person under age 25. If the judge ordered expunction upon successful completion of the sentence, the record can be expunged. See §973.015, Wis. Stats.
- Adjudication of a juvenile delinquent. A juvenile who has been adjudged delinquent can, upon reaching age 17, petition the judge for expunction of the juvenile adjudication. See §938.355, Wis. Stats. (WCCA does not display juvenile adjudications because they are not public records.)
An expunged case is sealed by the clerk of court and is available to be viewed only with a court order. If the judge properly orders a case expunged, any reference to it will be removed from WCCA. A judge has no other authority or power to expunge cases, and there are no similar provisions for other types of cases.
Privacy advocate and Wisconsin State Assembly Representative Marlin Schneider, who is on the CCAP Oversight Committee, has said:
This easy access to information via computer constitutes a serious threat to individuals' reputations, job applications, housing and even getting a date. It has been used for identify theft, election mischief, and needs to be controlled. In a state which prides itself on access to information it is unlikely that anything will be done about this until a Supreme Court Justice or Governor is the victim of this insidious system.
Judge Gary Carlson of the Wisconsin Circuit Court, who served on the CCAP Creation Committee and continues to serve on the Oversight Committee, has said that people should be able to find out if someone served time. He said public records are public whether it's on the Internet or a hard-copy file. Judge Carlson said,
These are public records. These are the people's records. They're not mine. They're not yours. The people have paid for these records. They own them. They're their records. And they're entitled to see what is going on in their court system.
Free information advocates argue that WCCA does not contain any more personal information than the phone book - it does not include Social Security numbers - so it does not make identity theft any easier. Others argue that it does make identity theft easier because it contains information on gender, race, and birth date, which are not included in a phonebook.
Case types
- CF - Felony - a crime punishable by imprisonment in the Wisconsin state prisons and / or a fine
- CI - Commitment of an Inmate - a case with a petition alleging that a person is a sexually violent person
- CL - Construction lien - a claim on property for non-payment of work that improved the property
- CM - Misdemeanor - a crime punishable by a fine and / or confinement in a local jail, but not by imprisonment in the Wisconsin state prisons
- CO - Condominium Lien - a claim on a condominium unit for the owner's non-payment of assessments for common expenses
- CT - Criminal Traffic - a misdemeanor offense involving the operation of a motor vehicle
- CV - Civil - typically, lawsuits seeking claims in excess of $5000, but also such actions as restraining orders, appeals from municipal court and administrative agency decisions, name changes, etc.
- CX - Complex Forfeiture - A forfeiture action that requires access to the rules of civil procedure and which is punishable by a forfeiture of money.
- FA - Family - divorce, legal separation, annulment, custody, child support, maintenance, property division, or the enforcement or modification of an order affecting the family
- FJ - Foreign Judgment - a judgment or order of a court from a different state, a federal court outside Wisconsin, a municipal court of another county, or a tribal court; treated as if ordered by a Wisconsin circuit court.
- FO - Non Traffic Ordinance Violation - a violation, unrelated to the operation of a motor vehicle, punishable by the forfeiture of money
- GF - Group File - a category for maintaining documents that are not specifically case-related
- HL - Hospital Lien - a claim by a hospital for non-payment of services provided to an injured person. The claim is on a judgment, award, settlement, etc. that the injured person may have against the person responsible for the injury.
- HT - Habitual Traffic - No longer available for use. A petition claiming a person is not the person identified by DOT as a habitual traffic offender is now filed as a CV case.
- IN - Informal Probate - a typical probate matter in which no issues are contested and a deceased person's estate is administratively handled by the probate registrar instead of by the court
- IP - Incarcerated Person - a case with a petition submitted by a prisoner who wants to begin an action without prepaying court costs and fees
- JD - John Doe - a proceeding under WI Stats. 968.26 to determine whether a crime has been committed. For clerical convenience, this case type also includes the filing of complaints under WI Stats. 968.02(3) and coroners' inquests under WI Stats. 979.04.
- JJ - Juvenile Judgment - a judgment against a juvenile for unpaid debt, typically restitution
- JT - Joint tenancy - No longer available for use. A statement filed with the Register in Probate that results in the termination of a decedent's interest in joint property is filed as a PR case.
- ML - Mechanics Lien - No longer available for use. A mechanics lien is not required to be filed with the clerk of circuit court.
- OL - Other Lien - claims not specifically identified by the other lien case types and include such claims as environmental liens, mining liens, quarry labor liens, etc.
- PA - Paternity - Post judgment actions in paternity cases, such as support and custody. Pre judgment information concerning the determination of paternity is confidential and is not available to the public.
- PR - Probate - formal probate (in which issues are contested and a deceased person's estate is supervised by the court) and such other probate-related actions as the summary settlement of small estates, the termination of joint tenancy, etc.
- SC - Small Claims - lawsuits seeking claims of less than $10,000, evictions, and replevin actions (the repossession of property)
- TC - Tribal Court Order - a judgment, decision, or order of an Indian tribal court in Wisconsin that is treated as if it had been issued by a Wisconsin state court
- TJ - Transcript of Judgment - a judgment or order from another Wisconsin circuit court, a Wisconsin appellate court, a federal court in Wisconsin, or a municipal court in that county; treated as if ordered by the circuit court in the county where it's filed.
- TR - Traffic Forfeiture - a violation, related to the operation of a motor vehicle, punishable by the forfeiture of money
- TW - Tax Warrant - a warrant issued by the Wisconsin Department of Revenue for failure to pay income or franchise tax when due. This warrant has the same effect as a judgment granted by the court.
- UC - Unemployment compensation - a warrant issued by the Wisconsin Department of Workforce Development for an employer's failure to pay contributions, interest, or fees. This warrant has the same effect as a judgment granted by a court.
- WC - Workers' compensation - an award issued by the Wisconsin Department of Workforce Development. This award has the same effect as a judgment granted by a court
- WL - Will Filed - a will filed with the court for safekeeping during a person's lifetime
External links
- Wisconsin Circuit Court Access website
- EEOC "What You Should Know About the EEOC and Arrest and Conviction Records"
- EEOC "Background Checks: What Employers Need to Know"
- Wisconsin Department of Justice "Notice to Employers"
- Wisconsin Court System
- Badger Herald
- Onalaska Community Life "Keep state court records open and online"
- Milwaukee Journal Sentinel Online "Kessler: Access to online court records should be limited"
- Milwaukee Journal Sentinel Online "Proposal would let some online court records vanish"
- Milwaukee Journal Sentinel Online "Panel reviewing court record access"
